Safety First

• Foreword to Safety

Nitrogen

• Safe use of Nitrogen

JSA

• Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

Principles of Gas Detection

• What is LEL UEL and PID

ATmosphere EXplosibles

• What is ATEX?

Scaffolding

• Safe working on scaffolds

Multinationals and Safety

• Safety Rules by Total
• Safety Rules by BP
• Chevrons Safety Field Guide

Safety Tips

• Tip 1: Modification of a Scaffold
• Tip 2: N2 - the invisible Killer
• Tip 3: Forklift Truck
• Tip 4: Finger Saver
• Tip 5: Prevent Hose Whipping

Piping Coordination Systems

• Dimensioning from Reference Points
• Plot Plan
• Piping Arrangement
• Piping and Instrument Diagram
• Piping Isometric

Piping Flexibility

• Thermal Expansion of Pipes

Engineering Standards

• Foreword Engineering Standards
• Engineering Standards (15 Pages)
• Foreword Piping Specifications
• Piping Specifications

Heat Tracing

• Effective Steam Tracing

Thermal Insulation

• Types and Materials
• Space Requirements
• Insulation of Piping

Drawing Symbols

• Symbols for PID
• Symbols for Isometric drawings
• Symbols for Heat Exchangers on PID
• Symbols for Piping Arrangements

Fabrication of Pipe systems

• Pre-Fabrication of Pipe Spools
• Field fabrication of Pipe systems
• Tolerances for Pipe Fabrication
• Nozzle length and Spacing
• Unequal Wall Thickness
• Pipe Line Spacing Chart

Corrosion

• Corrosion general
• Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)
• Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC)
• Corrosion Allowance

Comparison of Stainless Steel

• Stainless Steel 316/304 vs 316L/304L

Materials - International Standards

• Comparing Steel Standards

Materials - Chemical Elements

• List of Chemical Elements

Materials - Chemical Requirements

• Carbon Alloy Steels
• Austenitic Stainless Steels

Castings and Forgings

• Differences between Castings and Forgings
• Differences between Cast Iron and Cast Steel

Others

• Painting of Industrial Piping Systems
• Galvanizing of steel materials
• Fireproofing for Petrochemical facilities

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

• Who is ASME?
• ASME B31.3 Process Piping
• Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC)
• Standards defined on this website

ANSI-ASME

• ANSI-ASME are the same? (10 Pages)

American Society for Testing and Materials

• Who is ASTM?
• Pipes, Tubes and Fittings Standards
• Castings and Forgings Standards
• Plate, Sheet, Strip and Wire Standards
• Standards defined on this website (19 pages)
• Paint and Coating Standards

Collaboration between ASME and ASTM

• ASTM A... OR ASME SA...

Manufacturers Standardization Society

• Who is MSS?

American Petroleum Institute (API)

• Who is API?
• Valve standards of API

PED Pressure Equipment Directive

• What is it?

Definition and Details of Pipes

• Definition of Pipe
• NPS and Schedule
• Types, Lengths and Ends
• Pipe Manufacturing Processes
• Marking Standards for Pipes
• Materials ASTM
• Pipe vs Tube

cladded pipes

• CRA Cladded Pipes

Press/Temp Ratings

• Seamless Pipes

Birmingham Wire Gauge

• BWG Conversion

Dimensions of Pipes ASME B36.10/19

• NPS 1/2 - NPS 2
• NPS 2½ - NPS 5
• NPS 6 - NPS 14
• NPS 16 - NPS 24
• NPS 26 - NPS 48

Weights of Pipes ASME B36.10/19

• NPS 1/2 - NPS 24

Dimensions and Weights (full) ASME B36.10 Pipes (11 pages)

• NPS 1/8 - NPS 80

Dimensions and Weights (full) ASME B36.19 Pipes

• NPS 1/8 - NPS 30

Dimensions and Weights of Pipes ASTM A53/A53M

• NPS 1/8 - NPS 26

Definition & Details of Flanges

• Flanges General
• Pressure Class
• Flanges types
• Bolt Hole Orientation
• Flanges Faces
• Flange Face Finish
• Gaskets and Bolts
• Torque Tightening
• Bolt Tensioning
• Bolting Torque Tables
• Marking Standards for Flanges
• Materials ASTM

Special Flanges

• Orifice Flanges
• Spectacle Blind Spades Spacers
• LWN Weldo Exp Red Flanges
• Swivel Ring Flanges

Dims & Tolerances ASME B16.5

• Welding Neck Flanges
• Slip On flanges
• Socket Weld Flanges
• Lap Joint Flanges
• Threaded Flanges
• Blind Flanges
• Stub Ends (MSS SP-43)
• Stub Ends (ASME B16.9)
• Spectacle Blinds
• Spades and Ring Spacers
• Spades and Ring Spacers above 24in
• Bleed or Drip Ring

Dims Weld Neck Flanges Blind Flanges ASME B16.47

• Class 150-900 Series A NPS 26-60
• Class 150-900 Series B NPS 26-60

Dims Orifice Flanges RF

• Class 300-2500

Dims Orifice Flanges RTJ

• Class 600-2500

Dims Ring Joint Facings ASME B16.5 Class 150-2500

• Class 150

Dims & Tolerances [Inches] ASME B16.5

• Welding Neck Flanges

API Specification 6A

• Dims 6B Flanges

Buttweld Fittings

• Buttweld Fittings General
• Elbows 45°-180°
• Tees Straight-Reducing
• Reducer-Cap-Stubs-Swages
• Induction Bending
• Marking Standards BW Fittings
• Materials ASTM

mfg BW Fittings

• Extrusion method Tees
• Mandrel method Elbows
• Deep Drawing method Caps

Dims Buttweld Fittings

• Elbows 45°/90° LR
• Elbows 90° SR
• Elbows 180° LR/SR
• Elbows Reducing 90° LR
• End Caps
• Reducers Concentric-Eccentric
• Tees Straight
• Tees Reducing

Dims Stub Ends

• Stub Ends (MSS SP-43)
• Stub Ends (ASME B16.9)

Weights Buttweld Fittings

• Elbows LR, SR, 3D, RED
• Reducers Concentric/Eccentric
• Tees Straight/Reducing

Threaded Fittings

• Definition and Details

Dims Threaded Fittings

• Elbows 90° / 45°
• Tees and Crosses
• Street Elbows
• Full and Half-Couplings
• Caps
• Hex Head Bushings
• Plugs

Socket Weld Fittings

• Definition and Details

Dims Socket Weld Fittings

• Elbows 90° / 45°
• Tees and Crosses
• Couplings & Half-Couplings
• Reducing Couplings
• Caps

Branch Connections

• Olet Branch Connections

Dims Weldolets

• NPS 1/2 - 24 STD Size on Size
• NPS 1/2 - 24 XS Size on Size
• NPS 3/4 - 20 STD Reducing
• NPS 3/4 - 20 XS Reducing

Dims Sockolets

• Class 3000-6000 Reducing
• Class 3000 Size on Size

Dims Thredolets

• Class 3000-6000 Reducing
• Class 3000 Size on Size

Welding O-Let Fittings

• Welding of O-Let Fittings

Introduction to Valves

• Valves General
• API 600 Trim No

Types of Valves

• Gate Valve
• Globe Valve
• Ball Valve
• Plug Valve
• Butterfly Valve
• Check Valve
• Bellows sealed Valve
• Pressure seal Valve
• Breather Valve
• ORBIT Valve
• ARV or ARC Valve
• Needle Valve

Block and Bleed

• Introduction to Block and Bleed
• True Meaning of DBB

Process Safety

• Pressure Relief Valve
• Rupture Disks
• Control Valve

Valve Materials

• ASTM Casting Materials

Valve Leakage

• Testing Standards API, ANSI, MSS, ISO

Valve Interlock

• Valve Interlock System

Face to Face dimensions flanged valves

• Pressure Class 150 - 2500

Face to Face dimensions Wafer Check Valves

• Single-Plate
• Dual-Plate
• Dual-Plate Lug
• Dual-Plate Double-flanged

Glossary of Valve Terms

• Valve Terms Glossary

Car Seal - CSO/CSC

• What is a Valve Car Seal?

Construction and Principle

• Valve Actuators
• Solenoid Valves

Weights of Valves

• Gate, Globe, Check

Horses

• Valve Whisperer

Bolts and Nuts

• Stud Bolts General
• Calculating Stud Bolt Lengths
• Thread Pitch Chart
• ASTM A193 B7 v.s. A320 L7 Stud Bolts

Dimensions of Stud Bolts

• ASME B16.5 Class 150-2500

Heavy Hex Nuts (ASME)

• Dimensions ASME B18.2.2

Hex Nuts (DIN and ISO)

• Dimensions Across Flats and Heights of Hex Nuts

Flange Bolt-Up

• Bolting Torque Tables

Gaskets general

• Flange Gaskets general

Dimensions

Spiral Wound Gaskets B16.5

• NPS 1/2-24

Non-Metallic Gasket

• NPS 1/2-24

Grooved Gasket (Camprofile)

• NPS 1/2-24

Metal-Jacketed Gasket

• NPS 1/2-24

Dimensions

RTJ type R gaskets

• NPS 1/2-36

Spiral Wound Gaskets

• DIN EN 1092-1

Non-Metallic Gaskets
B16.47 Series A

• NPS 26-60

Non-Metallic Gaskets
B16.47 Series B

• NPS 26-60

Dimensions

Spiral Wound Gaskets
B16.47 Series A

• NPS 26-60

Spiral Wound Gaskets
B16.47 Series B

• NPS 26-60

Heat Transfer by Heat Exchangers

• Heat Transfer general
• Shell and Tube
• Tubes and Tubesheet
• Shell Assembly
• TEMA Designations
• Repair of Exchanger tubes
• Collar Bolts

Plate Heat Exchangers

• Summary Plate Heat Exchanger

Air Cooled Hest Exchangers

• Introduction to air-cooled heat exchangers

Pumps

• Pumps general
• Centrifugal Pumps
• Positive Displacement Pumps

Scrubbers

• Major Types of Industrial Scrubbers

Storage Tanks

• What are Storage Tanks?
• Storage Tank Implosion
• Safety of storage tanks
• Flame Arresters
• Breather Valve

Pressure Vessels

• Spherical and Cylindrical Vessels

Bonding Process

• Explosion cladding/welding

Distillation Column

• What are Distillation Columns?
• Distillation Column Internals

Flaring in Industry

• Gas flare / Flare Stack

Lifting and Rigging

• Types of Cranes

Special Fittings

• Lokring Fittings
• G-Range Pipe Connectors
• Victaulic pipe joining systems
• Cam Lock and Chicago couplings

Special Components

• Strainer - Y-Type and Basket
• Expansion Joints
• Hinged Metal Expansion Joints
• Level Gauges
• Thermowell

Orifice Plates

• Definition of Orifice Plates
• Dimensions Orifice Square
• Dimensions Orifice Restriction

Flow Measurement

• Venturi Flow Meters
• Flow Nozzles
• Flow Orifice Plates

Special Technics

• Reinforced Branch Connection
• Hot Tapping and Line Stopping
• Image presentation Hot tapping and Line stopping
• Cutter Sizes for Hot Tapping
• What is Pipeline Pigging?

Steel, from the beginning

• What is Steel?
• Steel making

Steel Structures Process Plant

• Pipe Racks

Pipe Supports Process Plant

• Pipe Supports general
• Parts of Pipe Supports
• Pipe Support Spacing
• Spring Hangers/Supports

Dimensions Steel Beams NEN-EN 10025-1/2

• HEA Beams
• HEB Beams
• HEM Beams
• IPE and INP Beams
• UNP and UPE Beams
• Angle Steel equal
• Angle Steel unequal
• Tee Steel equal/unequal
• Round and Square Steel
• Flat Steel

Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN)

• About Deutsches Institut fur Normung
• ISO - EN - DIN?

Dimensions

• Welding Neck Flange Type 11 PN10-PN400

Steam and Condensate

• Steam The Energy Fluid
• A basic overview of a steam system
• carbon steel pipe fitting
• What is Condensate?

Steam traps

• What are and why Steam Traps?
• Thermostatic steam traps
• Mechanical steam traps
• Thermodynamic steam traps
• Orifice-Venturi Steam Traps

Steam distribution

• Steam distribution system
• Pipes and pipe sizing
• Pipe expansion and supports

Calculator

• Properties for Saturated Steam

Civil Engineering

• What is Civil Engineering?

Engineers Day

• Indias greatest Civil Engineer
• India Engineers

Megastructures

• Palm Island Dubai UAE

The Delta Works in the Netherlands

• The Oosterscheldekering
• The Maeslantkering

Bridges

• The Millau Viaduct

History

• The Great Wall of China

Underground

• The Euro Tunnel

Airports

• Kansai International Airport

Dams

• Three Gorges Dam
• Sayano Shushenskaya Dam

Welding general

• Welding Procedures
• Basic Welding Joints
• TIG Welding
• MIG Welding
• Electrode Welding
• Orbital Welding

Bonding Process

• Explosion cladding/welding

Welding O-Let Fittings

• Welding of O-Let Fittings

Non Destructive Testing

• Dye Penetrant Inspection
• Magnetic Particle Inspection
• Radiographic Testing (RT)
• Ultrasonic Testing
• Positive Material Identification
• Eddy Current testing
• Pressure testing
• Risks of Pneumatic test
• Pressure testing equipment
• Pressure testing in practice
• Safe distance Pressure testing
• Flange Weld Tester
• In-Line Weld Test Tools

Nord Stream

• North Transgas and North European Gas Pipeline (10 Pages)

Fossils into Fuels

• Introduction to fossil fuels (10 Pages)

About www.wermac.org

• About me
• Copyright
• Sitemap
• Contact

Piping Tools

• Videos: Often used tools
• Articles: Often used tools

Miscellaneous

• Questions and Answers
• Piping Abbreviations
• Piping Related Articles
• Industrial Suppliers
• Piping Related Videos
• Funny Images
• Conversion
• Jobs