What are forged fittings?

What are forged fittings?

Forged fittings are used to connect, branch, blind or route small diameter piping systems (generally, below 2 inches). Contrary to butt weld fittings, which are manufactured from pipes and plates, forged fittings are produced by forging and machining steel. Forged fittings are available in multiple shapes, sizes (bore sizes and pressure ratings) and forged material grades (the most common are ASTM A105, ASTM A350 LF1/2/3/6 for low-temperatures, ASTM 182 for corrosive, high-temperature applications). Forged fittings are connected to pipes by socket weld or threaded connections. ASME B16.11 is the reference specification.

Forged fittings are manufactured according to the ASME B16.11, MSS SP 75, MSS SP 83, MSS SP 95 specifications to fit ASME B36.10 carbon and alloy steel pipes and ASME B36.19 stainless steel and nickel alloy pipes.

FORGED FITTINGS TYPES

• FORGED ELBOW 45, 90 DEGREES
• EQUAL AND REDUCING FORGED TEE
• FORGED LATERAL
• FORGED PIPE PLUG
• HEXAGONAL BUSHING
• FULL AND HALF COUPLING
• FORGED REDUCER AND REDUCER
• FORGED UNION
• WELDING BOSS
• Forged Olets

SOCKET WELD FITTINGS
THREADED PIPE FITTINGS

FORGED ELBOW 45, 90 DEGREES

Forged elbows are used to change the direction of the piping system by 45 or 90 degrees. Forged elbows are manufactured according to ASME B16.11 in various material grades, either with socket weld or threaded pipe connections. A special type is the so-called “street elbow”.

Forged elbows 45 and 90 degrees, street elbow.

45-Degree and 90-Degree Elbow Fittings with SW& Threaded Connection Ends. 
Pressure: 2000LBS, 3000LBS, 6000LBS, 9000LBS

Size: from 1/8″ to 4″

Material: ASTM A105, F304, F316, F304L, F316L, A182 F11/F22/F91

Connection ends: socket weld and threaded

We have a team of experienced professionals with years of experience in manufacturing.

Threaded Pipe Fitting SS304 Precision Cast Fittings

Threaded Pipe Fitting SS304 with 90 degrees Elbow, Class 150lb, Male and Female Thread.

Size: 1/2 to 4 inchesb

SS304 90 degrees elbow, class 150lb, with male and female thread

Materials: SS304 and SS316

Manufacturing standards: ANSI, JIS, and DIN

Our prefessional foundry can do sand casting,lost wax casting and die casting .

The material as bellowing : 
Gray Iron, Ductile Iron, Steel, Stainless Steel, Malleable Iron and Alloy 
The products is widely used in automobile , machinery, pipe fittings, pump parts, valve part and other industry.

We are a group company consisting of:

• 4 Sand Casting Plants (mainly produce Cast Iron and Ductile Iron Products)
• 2 Resin Sand Casting Plants (mainly produce Cast Steel&Cast Iron Products)
• 3 Investment Casting Plants (mainly produce Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel products)

Thick-walled seamless cast iron pipe

Size: O.D.219-680mm, W.T.:40-90mm

Mateiral:10#, 20#, 35#, 45#, 16Mn, 27Simn etc.

EQUAL AND REDUCING FORGED TEE

Forged tees are used to branch a pipe at 90 degrees.

A forged equal tee features identical bore size for the header and the branched pipe; a reducing tee has two different bore sizes (larger for the run pipe and smaller for the branch pipe).

Both types of forged tees are available with socket weld or threaded connections. The dimensions of forged tees are set by the MSS SP 75 and the ASME B16.11 specifications.

 

Socket Welding Tees (Forged High Pressure Pipe Fittings)

We have a team of experienced professionals with years of experience in manufacturing.

Socket-weld or threaded (npt or pt type. )

Pressure: 2000LBS, 3000LBS, 6000LBS, 9000LBS

Size: from 1/4″ to 4″ (6mm-100mm)

Material: ASTM A105, F304, F316, F304L, F316L, A182 F11/F22/F91

Connection ends: butt welded, threaded

Rating:

1. Threaded wog: 2000, 3000 and 6000 lbs (140kgs/cm2-210kgs/cm2-410kgs/cm2)( sch 40 – sch 80 – sch 160 ).

2. Socket-welding wog: 3000, 6000, 9000 lbs. ( sch 80 – sch 160 – xxs ).

Specification:

1. Dim. Spec: Asme b 16.11-1996 (rivision of ansi b16.11-1991), mss-sp-79\ 83\ 95\97 and gb/t 7306, 12716, 14383, 14626, spec. 
2. Material spec: Astm a105, astm a182(f304, f304l, f316, f316l, f304h, f316h, f317l, f321, f11, f22, f91), gb/t 699 20mn. 
3. Size of raw material: Dia. 19-85mm round bar.

Finish:

Galvanized or black. (carbon), pickled(stainless).

FORGED LATERAL

Forged laterals, featuring a Y shape, are used to branch the piping system in two directions, that have a 30-degree angle (or different, according to the piping specifications).

FORGED PIPE PLUG

Forged plugs are available with round, squared or hexagonal head and are used to blind pipes.

Pipe plug can withstand high pressure, it is connected with the main parts of the pipe, it can be used in different forms, different connection types, they are not the same as the level of pressure, the type is many, there are different angles of elbow, there are four, three and so on, but the production of each pipe is standard, we come to the specific understanding of.
First, the purpose and characteristics of the pipe plug
The material of the pipe plug is carbon steel, stainless steel, etc. many of the pipe fittings for oil, natural, construction and many other industries, it does not need to pipe billet raw materials, production is simple, the process is also very good operation, can save the cost of pipe equipment, and the cost of the mold, it is only in accordance with the provisions of the project to repair.
Second, to do a good job in the inspection work
Its technology is based on its geometry and process characteristics, it is the structure of the mold and the shape of the pipe plug is a great link in the use of the process must be regular inspection, it has no corrosion, corrosion is any pipeline will occur, if once found corrosion, to ensure the normal operation of the pipeline, according to the correct way to check.
Third, the material and the characteristics of the pipe plug
Elbow pipe fittings and other materials elbow is different, it’s inside a number of chemical substances will make elbow surface long time of not rusty, not easy to be corroded, it’s a lot of material, such as carbon steel, alloy steel and so on, the price is very cheap, the use of a large number of alloy steel elbow is used to limit.
Fourth. The difference between the pipe plug and carbon steel tube
The main difference is that the material is not the same, the elbow is better than the carbon steel elbow corrosion resistance, especially stainless steel elbow it is not easy to be corroded, because it is very small carbon content, mainly high chromium content. The service life of the socket elbow is very long, and the service life can be reached for several decades.
pipe plug fittings are good, it can prevent the ultraviolet ray, prevent radiation, it can let the product will always be true color, has a good corrosion resistance, it can resist many chemical substances, not afraid of acid, alkali, will not rust and breeding bacteria, not afraid of electrochemical corrosion.

Threaded Plugs and Bushings

Nominal Pipe Size

1/8

1/4

3/8

1/2

3/4

1

1 1/4

1 1/2

2

2 1/2

3

4

A

1 3/8

1 5/8

1 5/8

1 3/4

1 3/4

2

2

2

2 1/2

2 3/4

2 3/4

3

B

13/32

17/32

11/16

27/32

1 1/16

1 5/16

1 11/16

1 29/32

2 3/8

2 7/8

3 1/2

4 1/2

C*

7/16

5/8

11/16

7/8

1 1/16

1 7/16

1 13/16

2

2 1/2

3

3 3/4

4 5/8

D

1/4

1/4

5/16

5/16

3/8

3/8

9/16

5/8

11/16

3/4

13/16

1 1/4

E

7/16

1/2

9/16

11/16

3/4

27/32

7/8

15/16

1

1 1/4

1 9/16

1 21/32

F

9/32

3/8

7/16

9/16

5/8

13/16

15/16

1 1/8

1 5/16

1 1/2

1 11/16

2 1/2

G

1/4

1/4

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

9/16

5/8

11/16

3/4

13/16

1 1/4

H

3/8

7/16

1/2

9/16

5/8

3/4

13/16

13/16

7/8

1 1/16

1 1/8

1 3/8

J*

5/8

11/16

7/8

1 1/16

1 7/16

1 13/16

2

2 1/2

3

3 3/4

4 5/8

K

3/16

3/16

3/16

1/4

1/4

3/8

3/8

3/8

1/2

13/16

1 1/4

L

1/2

9/16

11/16

3/4

27/32

7/8

15/16

1

1 1/4

1 9/16

1 21/32

M

7/16

1/2

9/16

5/8

3/4

13/16

13/16

7/8

1 1/16

1 1/8

1 1/4

N

3/8

7/16

1/2

9/16

5/8

3/4

13/16

13/16

7/8

1 1/16

1 1/8

1 1/4

*Dimension J for Hex Head Bushing and dimension C for Hex Head Plug are the same.

HEXAGONAL BUSHING

Hexagonal bushings are manufactured in accordance with ASME B16.11 and are used to join two threaded items of a different size

Specification : 

Size	1/2″ TO 48″ IN NB & OD (15 NB TO 600 NB)
Dimension	ASME 16.11, MSS SP-79, MSS SP-95, 83, 95, 97, BS 3799
Class	2000 LBS, 3000 LBS, 6000 LBS, 9000 LBS
Type	Screwed-Threaded NPT, BSP, BSPT Fittings
Form	Bushing : Bushings, Hex Head Bushing
	Plug : Plug, Hex Head Plug, Bull Plug, Square Head Plug, Round Head Plug

FULL AND HALF COUPLING

Couplings are forged fittings manufactured in accordance with ASME B16.11 and are used to join pipes. They are available in half or full size and with socket weld or threaded connections (or a combination of the two for special piping applications).

Coupling fittings are used for fluid conduits in which each end portion of two tubes to be connected is provided with a swaged-on adapter carrying the necessary means to connect or disconnect the tubes without disturbing the swaged-on adapter. Our range of coupling fittings are available in aluminium, steel and bronze. 
Pressure: 2000LBS, 3000LBS, 6000LBS, 9000LBS 
Size: from 1/4″ to 4″

Material: ASTM A105, F304, F316, F304L, F316L, A182 F11/F22/F91 
Connection ends: butt welded, threaded

Standard: ANSI B16.9/B16.28 and MSS SP-43/SP-75 
Connection ends: butt welded, threaded

Thread types: NU, EU, STC, LTC and BTC 
Surface treatment: Shot blasted, rust-proof black oil

FORGED REDUCER AND REDUCER

Pipe reducers are available in two main types, called 1 and 2. They are used to connect pipes and reduce the bore size.

FORGED UNION

Unions are available in the male to female, female to female types, lug nut, and Rockwood design. Unions comply with the MSS SP 83 standard.

Forged Pipe Union is a type of fitting equipment that are designed to unite two pipes. They have an advantage that they can be detached when needed without causing any damage to the pipes. They can be used to join any kind of pipe with small diameter and can positively seal it. They are easy to assemble & disassemble. The forged pipe unions can separate two pipes very easily and are widely demanded in the pipe fitting market. We offer our product at an affordable price.

WELDING BOSS

Forged Olets

Forged Olets (Weldolet, Threadolet, Sockolet, Elbolet, etc) are used to create an outlet from a run pipe (the “header size”) to a branch pipe (the “outlet size”). Branch fittings are manufactured by forging steel and may have welded or threaded connections. 

What is a weldolet (Welding Outlet)?

A Weldolet is a popular branch connection which falls under the butt weld fittings family.

When using a Weldolet, the branch connection is made by welding the fitting onto the outlet of the run pipe (Weldolet has beveled ends at both sides). The other end of the Weldolet can then be welded with the branch pipe and create the 90-degrees reinforced pipe deviation.

A Weldolets minimizes the stress concentration on the branched connection and provides an integral reinforcement.

Weldolets can have the same or a higher, schedule than the schedule of the run pipe.

What is a sockolet (Socket Weld Outlet)?

A Sockolet is similar to a Weldolet, with the difference that the branched pipe sits, and can be welded, on the socket present in the inner part of the fittings. Fillet welds are used to connect the branch pipe to a Sockolet, instead of a butt welding connections (used for Weldolet). Similarly to a Weldolet, the fitting is welded on the run pipe.

SOCKOLET VS. WELDOLET

Sockolets are classified as “socket fittings” and are available in classes 3000#, 6000# and 9000#.

They are used for 90 degrees branched reinforced pipe connections and can be size on size (the bore of the fitting matches the bore of the run pipe) or reducing (the fitting has a smaller bore size).

SOCKOLET DIMENSIONS

Sockolet class 3000 Size on Size

Outlet Size (NPT)	A	B	C	D	E	Approx. Weight (lb)
1/2	1	1 3/8	15/16	0.622	17/32	0.15
3/4	1 1/16	1 5/8	1 3/16	0.824	15/32	0.25
1	1 5/16	2	1 7/16	1.049	23/32	0.45
1 1/4	1 5/16	2 3/8	1 3/4	1.380	9/16 0.65
1 1/2	1 3/8	2 7/8	2	1.610	21/32	0.85
2	1 1/2	3 1/2	2 9/16	2.067	15/16	1.40
2 1/2	1 9/16	4 1/16	3	2.469	3/4	2.25
3	1 3/4	4 13/16	3 11/16	3.068	15/16	3.75
3 1/2	1 11/16	5 3/8	4 7/16	3.548	11/16	4.30
4	1 7/8	6 1/16	4 3/4	4.026	1 1/16	6.60
5	2 7/16	7 1/4	5 1/4	5.047	1	9.00
6	2 11/16	8 11/16	6 1/16	6.065	1 3/16	15.50

Notes: 

• Class 3000 to be used with schedule 80 pipes
• Dimensions and tolerances in accordance with ASME B16.11 and MSS SP-97
• Flat sockolets are used on welding caps, elliptical heads and flat surfaces
• Each outlet size is available to fit any run curvature.

Sockolet class 6000 Size on Size

Outlet Size (NPS)	A	B	C	D	E	Approx. Weight (lb)
1/2	1 1/4	1 23/32	3/4	0.466	7/8	0.50
3/4	1 7/16	1 61/64	1	0.614	7/8	0.80
1	1 9/16	2 7/16	1 5/16	0.815	15/16	1.30
1 1/4	1 5/8	2 23/32	1 1/2	1.160	13/16	1.60
1 1/2	1 11/16	3 1/4	1 15/16	1.338	7/8	2.00
2	2 1/16	4 1/32	2 3/4	1.689	1 3/16	5.15

Notes:

• Class 6000 to be used with schedule 160 pipe.
• Dimensions and tolerances in accordance with ASME B16.11 and MSS SP-97
• Flat sockolets are used on welding caps, elliptical heads and flat surfaces.
• Outlet combinations fit a number of run pipe sizes, and fittings are marked accordingly

What is threadolet (threaded outlet) ?

A Threadolet is similar to a Weldolets, but the branched pipe is in this case screwed on the fitting and not welded. The threaded end is generally of the NPT type (National Pipe Thread,  the American standard).

Thredolets belong to the family of “threaded fittings” and are available in classes 3000# and 6000#. A Threadolet is used, generally, to branch the run pipe with a small diameter branch pipe.

LATROLET

Latrolets are used to branch a pipe at 45 degrees. They are available with butt weld connections to meet demanding reinforcement requirements or with socket weld/threaded connections in classes 3000# or 6000#.

What is an elbolet ?

Elbolets are used with 90 or 180 degrees long radius and short radius (more rarely) elbows for thermowell and instrumentation connections or as a drain connection when there is too little space for using a Weldolet.

Elbolets are available with butt weld connections or with socket weld/threaded connections in classes 3000# or 6000#.

ELBOLET DIMENSIONS

Nominal Size of Elbow (NPS)	Outlet Size (NPS)	CL 3000 Threaded and Socket Weld Sch. Standard and XS Buttweld		CL 6000 Threaded and Socket Weld Sch. 160 and XXS Buttweld
		C	E	C	E
36 – 3/4	1/4	1 1/2	1 19/32	1 1/2	1 19/32
36 – 3/4	3/8	1 1/2	1 19/32	1 1/2	1 19/32
36 – 3/4	1/2	1 1/2	1 19/32	1 23/32	1 7/8
36 – 1	3/4	1 23/32	1 7/8	2 1/4	2 1/4
36 – 2	1	2 1/4	2 1/4	2 7/8	2 1/2
36 – 2	1 1/4	2 7/8	2 1/2	3 1/8	2 11/16
36 – 2	1 1/2	3 1/8	2 11/16	4 3/16	3 1/4
36 – 3	2	4 3/16	3 1/4	–	–
Order to Specific Elbow Sizes
	*2 1/2	4 3/16	3 1/4	bw only	bw only
	*3	5 1/16	3 7/8	bw only	bw only
	*4	6 5/8	4 13/16	bw only	bw only
	*6	9 3/8	6 1/2	bw only	bw only
	*8	13 5/16	8 1/16	bw only	bw only
	*10	17 1/32	10 3/8	bw only	bw only
	*12	19 5/8	11 1/8	bw only	bw only

SOCKET WELD FITTINGS

Forged fittings are available with two main types of connections, socket weld and threaded type (shown in the picture). Socket weld fittings are connected to pipes with fillet welds, whereas threaded pipe fittings are simply screwed onto the pipe.

A Socket Weld is a pipe attachment detail in which a pipe is inserted into a recessed area of a Valve, fitting or flange. In contrast to buttweld fittings, Socket Weld fittings are mainly used for small pipe diameters (Small Bore Piping); generally for piping whose nominal diameter is NPS 2 or smaller.

To join pipe to Valves and fittings or to other sections of pipe, fillet-type seal welds be used. Socket Welded Joints construction is a good choice wherever the benefits of high leakage integrity and great structural strength are important design considerations.

Fatigue resistance is lower than that in butt-welded construction due to the use of fillet welds and abrupt fitting geometry, but it is still better than that of most mechanical joining methods.

Some details of Socket Weld fittings

SW Fittings are family of high pressure fittings are used in various industrial processes.

• They are used for lines conveying flammable, toxic or expensive material where no leakage can be permitted, and for steam 300 to 600 PSI.
• They are used only in conjunction with ASME Pipe and are available in the same size range.
• They are used in areas where pipe-work is permanent and are designed to provide good flow characteristics.
• They are are produced to several ASTM standards and are manufactured in accordance with ASME B16.11. The B16.11 standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, dimensions, tolerances, marking, and material requirements for forged carbon and alloy steel. Acceptable material forms are forgings, bars, seamless pipe, and seamless tubes which conform to the fittings chemical requirements, melting practices, and mechanical property requirements of ASTM A105, A182, or A350.
• They are available in three pressure ratings: Class 3000, 6000 and 9000.

A socket weld fitting (left side) and a threaded fitting (right side)

Description	Class Designation
	3000	6000	9000
Elbows 45 and 90 degrees, Tees, Crosses, Couplings, Half-Couplings, End or Pipe Caps	1/2 – 4	1/2 – 2	1/2 – 2
	1/2 – 4	1/2 – 2	1/2 – 2
	1/2 – 4	1/2 – 2	1/2 – 2
Pipe Size by Wall Thickness	SCH 80 / XS	SCH 160	XXS

Plugs and Bushings are not identified.
They may be used up through Class 6000 NPS

Socket weld fittings are used for applications where a strong and long-lasting connection is required.

These type of pipe fittings feature a socket where the connecting pipe has to be fitted and welded (with a fillet-type seal weld).

Socket weld connections are very reliable but are time-consuming to install, due to the necessary welding operations.

Socket weld fittings are available in sizes from 1/8 to 4 inches and in pressure ratings from classes 2000 to 9000.

Advantages and disadvantages of Socket Weld fittings

ADVANTAGES

• The pipe need not be beveled for weld preparation.
• Temporary tack welding is no needed for alignment, because in principle the fitting ensures proper alignment.
• The weld metal can not penetrate into the bore of the pipe.
• They can be used in place of threaded fittings, so the risk of leakage is much smaller.
• Radiography is not practical on the fillet weld; therefore correct fitting and welding is crucial. The fillet weld may be inspected by surface examination, magnetic particle (MP), or liquid penetrant (PT) examination methods.
• Construction costs are lower than with butt-welded joints due to the lack of exacting fit-up requirements and elimination of special machining for butt weld end preparation.

DISADVANTAGES

• The welder should ensure for a expansion gap of 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) between de pipe and the shoulder of the socket.
  ASME B31.1 para. 127.3 Preparation for Welding (E) Socket Weld Assembly says:
  In assembly of the joint before welding, the pipe or tube shall be inserted into the socket to the maximum depth and then withdrawn approximately 1/16″ (1.6 mm) away from contact between the end of the pipe and the shoulder of the socket.
• The expansion gap and internal crevices left in socket welded systems promotes corrosion and make them less suitable for corrosive or radioactive applications where solids buildup at the joints may cause operating or maintenance problems. Generally require butt welds in all pipe sizes with complete weld penetration to the inside of the piping.
• Socket welding are unacceptable for UltraHigh Hydrostatic Pressure (UHP) in Food Industry application since they do not permit full penetration and leave overlaps and crevices that are very difficult to clean, creating virtual leaks.

The purpose for the bottoming clearance in a Socket Weld is usually to reduce the residual stress at the root of the weld that could occur during solidification of the weld metal, and to allow for differential expansion of the mating elements.

THREADED PIPE FITTINGS

Threaded pipe fittings are used for non-critical pipeworks such as water distribution, fire protection and cooling systems (low-pressure applications not subject to vibration, elongation and bending forces).

Threaded pipe fittings are not suited for fluids with variable temperatures, as sudden changes may crack the connection.

Threaded pipe fittings are available in gray cast iron, malleable iron, carbon steel ASTM A105, stainless steel A182 F304/F316 and in sizes from 1/8 inch to 4 inches with pressure ratings between 2000 and 6000. Although different types of threads are available, the most common type is the NPT (national pipe thread).